Module 3 Grammar.ppt

by the time引导的时间状语从句 如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。 By the time you came back, I had finished this book. 到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 “从…至今已经有多久了” (从句中的动词为短暂性动词) “自从不做…至今已经有多久了”（从句中的动词为延续性动词） It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. 他父亲死了五年了。 It is (has been) 5 years since his father worked here。 他父亲不在这里工作已五年了。 3. 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、意图。 I had hoped to be back last night，but I didn’t catch the train. 我本希望昨晚回来的，但没赶上火车。 I had thought you would come the next day. 我原以为你第二天会来。 4. It was/had been +一段时间+since从句；since从句用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们已经十年没有玩得这么高兴了。 5.That/It was the first/second. . . time+that从句；that从句用过去完成时。 That was the first time that I had passed the exam. 那是我第一次考试及格。 It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 6. hardly/scarcely/barely. . . when. . . ；no sooner. . . than. . . 这几个句型中，when和than从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”；当hardly/scarcely/barely，no sooner 位于句首时，主句had提前，部分倒装。 时间状语从句 【语法探究】 1. when，while，as 都常用来引导时间状语从句，都有 “当……的时候”的意思，但用法却有所不同： when引导的从句中的动词可以是延续性的，也可 以是短暂性的； while引导的从句中的动词只能是延续性的； as从句的谓语动作和主句谓语动作同时发生，强 调“一边……，一边……”和“随着”之意。 ①______I got home，he was having supper. 我到家时，他正在吃晚饭。 ②___________I was young，I liked dancing. 我年轻时喜欢跳舞。 ③The sad mother shouted __she cried/was crying. 伤心的妈妈边哭边喊叫。 When When/While as 2. when，while，as各自的特殊用法。 A. when的特殊用法 (1)表示“这时”： ①We were having meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。 ②We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，这时突然下起了雨。 B. while的特殊用法 (1)用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”表示对比。 He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。 3.before意为 “在……之前, ......才, 还未...就...”。 We hadnt run a mile be