定时观测自动站及人工站气象要素差异对比探析.doc

定时观测自动站及人工站气象要素差异对比探析 　　摘要 根??蓝山县2009 年自动与人工平行观测的气温、相对湿度资料，对气温和相对湿度两要素在自动观测与人工观测下的差异进行分析，并阐述其差值的日变化、年变化及在不同气象条件下的差异特征。结果表明：自动观测与人工观测日平均气温差值、日最高气温差值、日最低气温差值分别为0.1、0.3、0.5 ℃左右；从差值的年变化看，日平均气温和最高气温的存在季节性波动，而最低气温无这种变化；从差值的日变化看，白天（8：00和14：00）自动站气温普遍高于人工站，夜间20：00自动站气温总体较人工站偏低，但其差值绝对值低于8：00和14：00，2：00的差值则无明显规律；随着气温上升，日最高气温差值的绝对值明显增大，而日最低气温差值的绝对值无明显变化。自动站相对湿度较人工站明显偏小，平均偏小4.0%，其中1―9月差值为负值，10―12月差值为正值，但其绝对值明显低于1―9月；从差值的日变化来看，14：00自动站相对湿度较人工站明显偏大，其他时次则明显偏小，其中2：00偏小幅度超过20%；相对湿度差值的绝对值随着最高气温的上升呈现明显的增大趋势，但与相对湿度值的大小无明显相关性存在 关键词 自动站；人工观测；气温；相对湿度；差异分析；湖南蓝山 中图分类号 P415.1+2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）03-0182-03 Abstract Based on the temperature and relative humidity data from the automatic and manual parallel observation of Lanshan Meteorological Station in 2009，the differences of each meteorological element between automatic station and manual station were analyzed，and their diurnal and annual variations and changes under different meteorological conditions were described. The results showed that the differences of daily average temperature，maximum temperature and minimum temperature between automatic and manual observation were 0.1 ℃，0.3 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ respectively. The daily average temperature and maximum temperature showed seasonal fluctuations，but the minimum temperature did not show such change in the annual variations. In diurnal variations，the daytime（8：00 and 14：00） temperature of the automatic station was higher than that of the manual station and the opposite phenomenon at 20：00，but the absolute value of the difference at 20：00 was lower than that at 8：00 and 14：00，the difference at 2：00 was not significant. As the temperature rose，the absolute value of the daily maximum temperature difference increased obviously，but the minimum temperature suggested no obvious change. The relative humidity of the automatic station was smaller than that of the manual station，with an average difference of 4%.The difference from January to September was negative，and from October to Decemb