岩体卸荷与水电工程.pdf

J ou rna l of E ng ineering Geology 　　工程地质学报 　　1004 - 9665 /2008 / 16 ( 02) 0 14510　 岩体卸荷与水电工程 ① ② ③ 王兰生 　李文纲 　孙云志 ( ①成都理工大学 　成都 　6 10059) ( ②中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院　成都 　6 10027) ( ③长江水利委员会 　武汉 　430025) 摘 　要 　根据 20世纪 70年代以来我国西南山区大型水电工程实践 ,讨论了水电工程建设中岩体卸荷的地质现象和工程地质 问题 。文中介绍了我国工程地质界对岩体卸荷现象的认识过程和工程应用实践 ,提出以卸荷裂隙力学机制类型作为卸荷带 划分的参照依据 ,并以典型实例对岸坡中在正常卸荷带以里出现的深裂缝及深卸荷问题作了探讨 ,提出我国深裂缝和深卸荷 的力学机制基本模式 。结合实例 ,讨论了岩体卸荷在水电工程实践应用中的一些问题 。 关键词 　卸荷裂隙　深裂缝 　水电工程 　西南山区 中图分类号 : TV 6　　文献标识码 : A RO CK M A SS UNLOAD ING IN HYD RO EL ECTR IC PRO JECT ① ② ③ WAN G L an sheng 　L IW engang 　SUN Yunzh i ( ①Chengdu Un ivers ity of Technology, Chengdu　6 10059) ( ②Chengdu Ins titu te of S u rvey, D es ign and R esea rch , Ch ina Hy d roelectric A dviser Group, Cheng du　610027) ( ③Yang tze R iver W a ter Conservancy Comm ittee, W uhan　430025) A b stract　The geo logical p henom enon of rock - m a ss un load ing and its engineering geo logical p rob lem s du ring the hydroelectric p roject con struction are discu ssion in th is p ap er. The discu ssion is ba sed on the engineering p ractice s of m any h igh dam con struction p rojects in the moun tainou s area of sou th - we st Ch ina over la st 40 years. The p roce ss of cogn itive on the rock - m a ss un load ing geo logical p henom ena and engineering p ractice exp erience in the engineering geo logy area of th is coun try are in troducing b riefly. A system atic rock m a ss relaxed zone according to the m echan istic m echan ism typ e s of un loading fissu re s is sugge sted. The relaxed fissu re s and dep th un loading zone can be discovered beh ind the norm al un loading zone. Th is zone is nam ed a s a dep th fissu re s and dep th relaxed zone. It is also d iscu ssed on the ba sis of a serie s typ ical exa