仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage1-104 PITOT-STATIC.ppt

PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENT FLIGHT Flight Instrument Systems PITOT STATIC SYSTEM Know How your Pitot static Instruments work, Where they get their source of air, errors of system, and especially what happens when you have a blocked pitot tube, drain hole, or static source!! Pitot-Static Instruments Airspeed Indicator - Altimeter - VSI PITOT STATIC SYSTEM Pitot-Static Instruments PITOT Pressure Impact, ram air Dynamic Pressure Connected ONLY to: AIRSPEED INDICATOR STATIC Pressure Ambient pressure Connected to: Airspeed (AI) Altimeter (ALT) Vertical Speed (VSI) Airspeed Indicator Airspeed Indicator Uses the pitot tube and the static port Compares ram air with static air Airspeed Indicator Measures pressure differential Types of Airspeed:acronym “ICE-T” Indicated airspeed Indication on airspeed indicator Use same indicated airspeed for take-off landing regardless of altitude or temperature Calibrated airspeed IAS corrected for installation and instrument errors Relative wind at high Angle Of Attack (slower airspeed) does not meet pitot at same angle as at higher airspeeds Equivalent airspeed CAS corrected for compressibility 200 kts and 20,000 feet Compression of air causes abnormally high indication True airspeed actual speed through undisturbed air corrected for density changes due to altitude or temp. 2% rule: TAS increases approx. 2% per 1000 ft A Mach Meter Measures the ratio of TRUE AIRSPEED to the speed of sound GROUNDSPEED is TRUE AIRSPEED corrected for WIND V-Speeds Altimeter Required for both VFR and IFR, but for IFR it needs to be a sensitive altimeter. Adjustable for barometric pressure Main component Stack of sealed aneroid wafers which expand and contract with changing static pressure. Altimeter Determines your altitude by comparing static air pressure to sea-level pressure Types of altitude Indicated Pressure Density True Absolute Altitude types are different because of reference point. Indicated altitude what you read when barometric pressure i