仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson 2.ppt

Turn-and-Slip Indicator Rate of Turn Indicator Differences Appearance Turn coordinator senses both rate of roll and rate of turn due to canting of gyro, while turn-and-slip indicator senses only rate of turn. The Gyro is oriented at more of an angle in vertical plane to detect “roll” movement in addition to “yaw.” Originally designed for “wing-leveling” auto pilot systems. Needed to be more sensitive to roll inputs. Rate of Turn Indicator (cont.) Rate of Turn: Dependent upon two factors: TAS and Bank Angle Standard rate turn = 3 degrees per second To estimate bank angle for standard rate turn: TAS/10+(1/2 your answer) i.e. 100/10=10 10+5=15 degrees Some turn indicators are “4 Minute” instead of “2 Minute” to accommodate faster aircraft. They are more precisely calibrated to indicate half-standard rate turns. Rate of Turn Indicator Limitations Banks of more then 45 degrees prevent reliable indications Allow at least 2-3 minutes to reach full operating speed Inclinometer Sealed, curved glass containing kerosene with steel ball that senses the balance or imbalance between the force of gravity and inertia, which indicates that relationship between rate of turn and angle bank. Indicates need for rudder application to maintain coordination of flight controls Magnetic Compass The magnetic compass is the most basic instrument we have. Lots of errors Very Reliable Variation Difference between true north and magnetic north Magnetic Compass Errors Deviation Magnetic interference in the plane Caused by radios, alternator, etc. Magnetic Compass Errors Magnetic CompassMagnetic Dip Magnetic Dip Magnetic North Pole Magnetic Field Magnetic South Pole Magnetic Field Magnetic Dip Errors Northerly Turning Undershoot North Overshoot South Acceleration/Deceleration Accelerate North Decelerate South Magnetic Compass Errors * * Clue#4: Take difference between 30.21 and 29.70. (510 feet difference) Clue#5: When reaching decision altitude indication of 650’ , air