[毕业设计]基于单片机的电动自行车控制系统设计.doc

[毕业设计] 基于单片机的电动自行车 控制系统设计 摘 要 随着现代社会的不断进步，环境和能源问题越来越受到人们的重视。由于燃油车辆的废气造成的环境污染、噪声污染以及石油资源的危机，无污染、低噪声和节能的电动交通工具已经成为世界各国研制开发的热点。电动自行车作为最简单的电动车辆近几年在世界各地尤其是亚洲地区取得了巨大进展。 电动自行车的运行，与一般的工业应用不同，对驱动系统的要求较高，要求电动自行车车用电动机可靠性好，能够在较恶劣环境下长期工作。直流无刷电机采用逆变器驱动，进行电子换向，具有没有换向火花、抗干扰性强、运行可靠、维护简便、使用寿命长等优点，电动自行车一般采用永磁无刷直流电机作为驱动电机。 电动自行车控制系统的设计对电动自行车运行起着非常重要的作用。利用单片机为控制核心的电机控制器比以往用模拟电路、数字电路、专用芯片所做成的控制器，在功能和整体性能上都有很大提高。本文所设计电动自行车控制系统以ATMEL公司的AT89C2051单片机作为控制核心，由霍尔调速手柄、由A/D转换器、刹车装置、电机驱动电路和欠压、过流保护电路等组成。通过硬件和软件的综合设计，设有欠压保护、过流保护、刹车断电等多种保护功能。 关键词：电动自行车； 永磁无刷直流电机； 控制系统； 过流保护 Abstract With the constant advancement of modern society, the environment and energy issues more and more peoples attention. As fuel vehicle emissions caused by environmental pollution, noise pollution and oil resources of the crisis, non-polluting, low noise and the electric energy-saving modes of transport has become the worlds hot spots developed countries. Electric bicycles as the most simple of electric vehicles in recent years around the world especially in the Asian region has made tremendous progress.  The operation of electric bicycles and general industrial applications different, the drive system of higher demand for electric bicycle motor vehicle reliability, and in a harsh environment of long-term work. Brushless DC motor drive inverter used for the conduct of electronic switch, with no change to spark strong anti-interference, reliable operation, maintenance is simple, long life and other advantages of using permanent magnet electric bicycles in general as BLDCM Electric drives.  Electric Bicycle control system designed to run electric bicycles played a very important role. SCM used for the control of the motor controller core than ever before with analog circuits, digital circuits, ASIC caused by controllers, the functions and overall performance has greatly improved. In this paper, designed by Electric Bicycle control system to ATMELs AT89C2051 SCM control as the core, from Hall governor handles, from A