会计学 企业决策的基础.ppt

Financial Managerial Accounting Learning Objective Types of Accounting Information Learning Objective COSO Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is a U.S. private-sector initiative, formed in 1985. Its major objective is to identify the factors that cause fraudulent financial reporting and to make recommendations to reduce its incidence. COSO has established a common definition of internal controls, standards, and criteria against which companies and organizations can assess their control systems. COSO is sponsored and funded by 5 main professional accounting associations and institutes; American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), American Accounting Association (AAA), (FEI), The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). Accounting Systems Basic Functions of an Accounting System Components of Internal Control According to the COSO framework, internal control consists of five interrelated components. These components provide an effective framework for describing and analyzing the internal control system implemented in an organization. The five components are the following: Control Environment: The control environment sets the tone of an organization, influencing the control consciousness知觉意识 of its people. It is the foundation for all other components of internal control, providing discipline and structure. Control environment factors include the integrity, ethical values, management‘s operating style, delegation授权 of authority systems, as well as the processes for managing and developing people in the organization. Risk assessment: Every entity faces a variety of risks from external and internal sources that must be assessed. Risk assessment involves identifying, analyzing, and managing those risks that pose a threat to the achievement of the organization’s objectives. . Risk assessment is a prerequisite先决条件 for determining how the risks should be managed. Control a