虚拟语气10.ppt

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 . 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： [例句] 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. (与过去事实相反) 2.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. (与将来事实可能相反) 3.假如我是你的话，我现在就走。 If I were you, I would go now. (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 二、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟） 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.—It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. —He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug. A.not take??????????????????????? B.shouldn’t have taken C.didn’t take??????????????????? D.hadn’t taken 1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。 2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do [例句] 1.我希望她能站在我一边。 I wish she would be on my side.  2.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 I wish I were 30 years younger. 3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。 I wish (that) you would get a good job. 4.他想要是他没这样做该多好。 He wished he hadnt done it. 5.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.  4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Sug