虚拟语气8.ppt

虚拟语气 Lecture One 虚拟语气 两类三时： 两类： 1.假设条件句： 表达的是与futurepresent可能性不大的情形。 Unlikely,但不是impossible! 2. 事实相反句： 与现在和过去事实相违背的情形 --完全不可能 虚拟语气 三时： 1. 针对现在时的虚拟 2. 针对过去时的虚拟 3. 针对将来时的虚拟 一个前提+三个变量 针对现在状态的虚拟 倘若生活中没有困难，就过于平淡了。 If it had no difficulties in it, life would be too smooth. 如果愿望是马匹，乞丐也能骑。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 条件从句 主句 V过去式 would (should, could, might)+ V原 针对现在状态的虚拟 1.相对虚拟：should+动词原形=心想事未必成 2.表示因为“心想的事居然会是另外一种情形”而感到“惊异，懊悔，失望”等时，一般也用“should+动词原形”的形式，但此时should 不能省去。 It is interesting that the play should be a huge success. I was shocked that she shouldn’t have invited Smith. =I was shocked that she hadn’t invited Smith. 针对现在状态的虚拟 I am sorry you should think I did it on purpose. =I am sorry you think I did it on purpose. 这个前途无量的年轻人居然会是罪犯，这是真的吗？ How can it be true that this promising young man should be a criminal? 针对过去状态的虚拟 从句 主句 Had done would have done could 能力 might 可能 should I ,we If somebody had told us, we could have warned you. If he had seen you, he might have helped you. If it had not been for his help, I should not have finished the work. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got D 针对将来状态的虚拟 我要是过了专四级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。 If I were to pass TEM4，I would treat you to dinner at KFC． 如果他要辞职，谁来接替他？ If he were (was) to resign, who would take his place? 如果你再逃跑了话，你就永远都没有自由了。 If you tried to escape again, you would lose freedom forever. 针对将来状态的虚拟 1. If I should win the lottery, I would buy a house. 表明他对赢得大奖信心不大，但表示了将来的愿望。 2. If I were to live my life once again, I would have you as my life. 不太可能实现，说明了说话人的自信程度 针对将来状态的虚拟 3. If I became president, I would improve Americans life standard. 小学生 4. 2004,sept.美民主党候选人John Kerry 说： “If I become president, I will make American stronger at home and more respected in the world.” 针对将来