BEC商务英语odule 8.ppt

Module Eight;New English Words and Expressions:;;New English Words and Expressions:;;;; ;;Graffiti a problem? Just wash it!;;;被动语态复习;一、被动语态的定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；I often repair the car. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。The car is often repaired (by me). ; 被动语态结构 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 be+done;1.They make shoes in that factory.;2. They bought ten computers last term． ;3．Ling Feng can take good care of Polly ．;4.They will finish the work in ten days. ;5. Some workers are painting the rooms now．;7．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night． ;6．We have made twenty more keys．; 二、各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：You are required to do this. 2）一般过去时：The story was told by her. 3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.;4）现在进行时：The question is being discussed in the meeting room. 5）过去进行时：The new road was being made. 6）现在完成时：The novel has been read. 7)情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.; 四、何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world． 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。 ;三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and …… It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知… … It is well known that … 据推测说… … It is supposed that …;;;四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如： Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao． 魏华是被林涛叫来的。 ;五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989． 六、表示礼貌时。例如： You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p．m．tomorrow． 敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。 ; 五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？ 1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own, become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】The shirt fits him very well． 【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt． ;2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如： 【正】Look at the blackboard，please． 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you． ;3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如： 【正】He joined the League in 1998． 【误】The League was joined by him in 1998． ;4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place