关于独立主格结构介词的几个问题与解释.docVIP

独立主格结构介词使用的问题 在“名词或代词+介词短语”这类独立主格结构中，当其中的介词是in时，其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。如： A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。 The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。 但如果是其他介词，则不受此限制。如： We walked out, one behind the other. 我们一个接一个地走了出来。 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。 The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐了下来，面颊上还带有泪痕。 独立主格用作伴随状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作伴随状语的例子： She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。 We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle and so on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带，等等。 Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。 He guiding her, they stumbled through the street. 他引着她，两个人蹒跚地穿过那条街。 He, God willing, would be in the village before the second next month. 他，如果上帝允许，将于下月2日前来到这个村庄。 He died in 1892, his death being considered as a national calamity. 他死于1892年，他的逝世被认为是举国的不幸。 独立主格用作原因状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作原因状语的例子： All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。 The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 夜里河水上涨，渡河不可能了。 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。 独立主格用作条件状语 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。下面给大家列举一些独立主格用作条件状语的例子： Arthur gone, he would only be allowed to make visits like other acquaintances. 阿瑟走后，他就会像其他相识的人一样地被允许来拜访了。 Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。 Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. 其他方面若都相同，我将买