哈佛 幸福课(课件01).ppt

“We have discovered that there are human strengths that act as buffers against mental illness: courage, future-mindedness, optimism, interpersonal skill, faith, work ethic, hope, honesty, perseverance, the capacity for flow and insight, to name several... We have shown that learning optimism prevents depression and anxiety in children and adults, roughly halving their incidence over the next two years... Similarly, I believe, that if we wish to prevent drug abuse in teenagers who grow up in a neighborhood that puts them at risk, that the effective prevention is not remedial. Rather it consists of identifying and amplifying the strengths that these teens already have.” Martin Seligman Prevention through cultivating positive Illness as the absence of health (vs. health as the absence of illness) “It [neurosis] is a falling short of what one could have been, and even, one could say, of what one should have been, biologically speaking, that is, if one had grown and developed in an unimpeded way. Human and personal possibilities have been lost. The world has been narrowed, and so has consciousness. Capacities have been inhibited.” Abraham Maslow Stronger “psychological immune system” Mental health at Harvard The Power of Positive Psychology:Studying At-Risk Population Traditional psychology (Post-WWII) “Why do these individuals fail?” Positive psychological approach (1980s-) “What makes some individuals succeed despite unfavorable circumstances?” Resilience “A class of phenomena characterized by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity or risk.” Masten Reed Superkids? Ordinary characteristics, extraordinary results Social support Resilience “A class of phenomena characterized by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity or risk.” Masten Reed Superkids? Ordinary characteristics, extraordinary results Social support Optimism and self-esteem Faith and a sense of meaning Prosoc