崔婷 演示文稿1.ppt

Gothic architecture Brief introduction Gothic architecture?is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late?medieval period(中世纪). It evolved from?Romanesque architecture（罗马式建筑风格）?and was succeeded by?Renaissance architecture（文艺复兴时期建筑）. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as?Opus Francigenum?(“French work”) with the term?Gothic?first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the?pointed arch（尖顶拱门）, the?ribbed vault（肋架拱顶）?and the?flying buttress（飞扶壁）. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great?cathedrals,?abbeys?（大修道院）and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many?castles,?palaces,?town halls(市政厅),?guild halls（会馆）, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings. Symbolism and ornamentation The Gothic cathedral represented the universe in microcosm (微观世界)and each architectural concept, including the loftiness and huge dimensions（尺寸） of the structure, were intended to convey a theological message: the great glory of God. The building becomes a microcosm in two ways. Firstly, the mathematical and geometrical（几何学的） nature of the construction is an image of the orderly universe, in which an underlying rationality （潜在的合理性）and logic can be perceived. Secondly, the?statues, sculptural （雕刻的）decoration,?stained glass（彩色玻璃）?and?murals（壁画）?incorporate（体现，包含） the essence of creation in depictions of the?Labors of the Months?（月令劳作）and the?Zodiac（黄道带）and sacred history from the Old and New Testaments and Lives of the Saints, as well as reference to the eternal in the?Last Judgment?and?Coronation of the Virgin（处女加冕礼）. The decorative schemes usually incorporated?Biblical?stories, emphasizing visual?typological allegories?（栩栩如生的类型学寓言）between?Old Testament?prophecy（预言） and the?New Testament. Many churches were very richly decorated, both inside and out. Sometimes the stone column