《诗经-大雅-生民》“牛羊腓字之”辨析.doc

《诗经?大雅?生民》“牛羊腓字之”辨析 《诗经?大雅?生民》“牛羊腓字之”辨析-汉语言文学毕业论文摘 要：《诗经·大雅·生民》中“牛羊腓字之”的“腓”与“字”历来训释不一，可谓是众说纷纭。于省吾不拘故训，利用新材料对“腓”与“字”提出了新的解释。我们在阅读的基础上梳理相关训释并做相关补充。 关键词：《生民》 腓 字 辨析 《生民》是关于周民族起源的神话史诗，记述了周人始祖后稷诞生之神奇及具有稼穑天赋等种种不凡的事迹，是一篇非常生动的后稷传记。全诗共八章，主要内容有三个部分：后稷的诞生、后稷创建农业和农业丰收后的祭祀。其中第三章： 诞寘之隘巷，牛羊腓字之。诞寘之平林，会伐平林。诞寘之寒冰，鸟覆翼之。鸟乃去矣，后稷呱矣。 这一章主要讲述了后稷出生后被弃而每每获救保护之异事。其中“牛羊腓字之”一句中的“腓”与“字”历来训释不一，可谓是众说纷纭。我们在阅读于省吾《泽螺居诗经新证》的基础上梳理相关训释并做相关补充。 一、“牛羊腓字之”之“腓”辨析 “腓”的两种通行的训释 1.“腓”训为“避”。《毛传》：“腓，辟。”孔颖达疏：“上言后稷之生，此言弃稷之事。言可美大矣，弃此后稷，置之于狭隘巷中，牛羊共避而怜爱之，婴儿未有所知，当为牛羊所践，今而避而爱之，故可美大矣。”《采薇》：“小人所腓。”屈万里《诗经释义》对此解释为：“避而不乘。”汉赵晔《吴越春秋·吴太伯传第一》：“履上帝之迹，天犹令有之，姜嫄怪而弃于阨狭之巷，牛马过者折易而避之。”例中的“避”即是对“腓”的解释。《经典释文》卷七：“腓，符非反，避也。” 2.“腓”训为“胫后”。戴震《毛郑诗考证》卷三：“《史记》言：‘马牛过者皆辟不践，用《毛》诗说耳。腨谓之腓，胫后也。”清顾栋高《毛诗订诂》卷六：“许白云云‘牛羊腓字之，《六书故》云：‘腓，胫后肉。 daily morning exercises or class-break setting-up exercise and discipline inspection and appraisal of public signs;2, daily cleaning and inspection;3, the daily student school appearance, dress, wearing school card check;4, the daily duty guide to the leadership class discipline three rounds.Weekly moral education work:L, the flag raising ceremony and the national flag speech under the flag raising ceremony held on Monday;2, every week a class meeting, the meeting;3, every week two exercises, cleaning and hygiene, behavior norms, attendance situation published cloth appraisal, and the issue of the code of conduct;;4, weekly work week.Monthly moral education work:1, at least once a month, the theme of education activities, to patriotism education, behavior norms of education as the focus, combined with major retreat day.2, the monthly class quantization assessment and class teacher assessment, selection of behavior for the standard model class.Moral education in each term:1, at the end of each semester to form three good student, outstanding student cadres, civilized student.2, at least once a semester, parents will be.,Student etiquette conventionA, the school leavers1, dress neatly to wear school card, step posture correc