【2017年整理】气化器基础知识.ppt

1 传热过程与换热器 平壁、圆管壁和肋壁等几种工业上和日常生活中常见的传热过程及强化或者削弱传热过程的方法,介绍一些工业上常见的换热器的基本结构与特点，并重点讨论换热器的传热计算方法。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2 12-1 传热过程 1. 通过平壁的传热过程 传热系数 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3 通过多层平壁的传热过程 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4 2. 通过圆管壁的传热过程 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5 在稳态情况下，上面三式中的 是相同的，于是可得 上式可以写成 以圆管外壁面积为基准计算的传热系数 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 6 通过n层圆管的稳态传热过程 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 7 4. 通过肋壁的传热过程 对于两侧表面传热系数相差较大的传热过程，在表面传热系数较小的一侧壁面上加肋（扩大换热面积）是强化传热的有效措施。假设： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 8 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 9 根据肋片效率的定义 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 10 联立以上各式，可得 k1称为以光壁表面积为基准的传热系数，表达式为 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 11 合理选择肋化系数。 工程上，通常采用以肋侧表面积A2为基准的传热系数k2来计算 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 12 5. 复合换热 复合换热通常指对流换热与辐射换热同时存在的换热过程。工程上一般将辐射换热量折合成对流换热量进行计算，为此引进辐射换热表面传热系数 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 13 换热器 换热器：用来实现热量从热流体传递到冷流体的装置。 1. 换热器的分类 按照换热器的工作原理，可分为