【2017年整理】湘教版七年级下册地理期中试卷及答案.doc

湖泊富营养化对轮虫群落结构及物种多样性的影响 钱方平 席贻龙* 温新利 黄 林 (安徽师范大学生命科学学院, 安徽省高校生物环境与生态安全省级重点实验室, 芜湖 241000) 摘要: 2005年7月至2006年6月, 我们对安徽省芜湖市境内5个湖泊中轮虫的群落结构及部分水质特征参数进行了调查, 用相关加权综合营养状态指数(TLIc)评价了各湖泊的营养水平, 分析了其中的轮虫群落结构、多样性指数及其与TLIC之间的关系。经鉴定, 5个湖泊中共采集到轮虫79种, 隶属18科31属; 不同营养水平湖泊中出现的轮虫种类数有明显的差异(P0.01)。除龙窝湖外, 其余4个湖泊中的轮虫种类数与TLIC均呈显著负相关关系(r＝–0.984, P0.05)。湖泊水体的富营养化进程显著地提高了轮虫总密度和第一优势种的优势度, 降低了轮虫群落的均匀度和物种多样性指数。 关键词: 轮虫, 群落结构, 综合营养状态指数, 多样性指数 Eutrophication impact on community structure and species diversity of rotifers in five lakes of Anhui Fangping Qian, Yilong Xi *, Xinli Wen, Lin Huang College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety, Wuhu 241000 Abstract: To study the relationship between lake eutrophication and rotifer species, from July 2005 to June 2006, we studied the community structure of rotifers in five lakes of Anhui, including Longwo Lake, Jinghu Lake, Tingtang Lake, Fengming Lake and Yinhu Lake. We evaluated the eutrophication level of the lakes by evaluating a comprehensive Trophic Level Index (TLIC), as well as the relationship between TLIC and species diversity (as measured by Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, and Simpson index). A total of 79 rotifer species were collected, belonging to 31 genera and 18 families. The results showed that rotifer species number differed significantly in the five lakes with different eutrophication levels (P0.01). A strong negative correlation between rotifer species number and TLIC (r=–0.984, P0.05) was detected, except in Longwo Lake. Lake eutrophication increased the total density and dominance of the most dominant species of rotifers, but decreased community evenness and species diversity. Key words: rotifers, community structure, comprehensive Trophic Level Index, species diversity ? 伴随着全球性资源和环境问题的出现, 水体富营养化不断加剧(UNEP Earthwatch, 1994), 并对水生生物群落结构和物种多样性产生了重要的影响(郝为民等, 1995; 刘建康, 1995; 谢平等, 1996; 龚志军等, 2001)。轮虫是淡水湖泊中浮游动物的优势类群(Haberman Laugaste, 2003; Margatritora