平江四中2012年下期高一语法专题--定语从句-学生版.docVIP

平江四中2012年下期高一语法专题 -------定语从句 目标和任务:掌握了下面几点你就掌握了定语从句： 1、什么是定语从句/什么是先行词/ 什么是关系代词/什么是关系副词 2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别（逗号）： 3、定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面/(如没能紧跟其后则叫)分隔定语从句： 4、关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略(在非限定从句中除外即不能省略)： 5、区分： A.如何选用关系代词与关系副词 B. 如何选用 that 与 which C. 如何选用 that 与 who D. 如何选用 who 与. whom E. 如何选用 which 与 as 6、介词常可以提前(结构紧密的短语除外) 7、whose 的用法：作定语（表人或物） 8、定语从句的谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致。 9、同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 具体知识讲解：一：概念：在复合句中充当的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系和关系两种。 二：： 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, which, that , whose等。它们用来连接定语从句，并分别在从句中代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系代词用法一览表 关系代词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 人 主语、宾语、表语 Whom 人 Which _______________ 主语、宾语 That 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 语 e.g. The trees are behind the office building. They have lost their leaves. The trees are behind the office building have lost their leaves. (主语) He always buys some books. He never read them. He always buys some books he never read. (宾语) It used to be a small town. It is no longer a small town. It is no longer the small town it used to be. (表语) She has a brother. I can’t remember his name. She has a brother name I can’t remember. (定语) 注意点： 1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面： e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × ) The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. ( ) The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( ) 2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略： e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 3).who和whom都可以作从句的宾语，但从句的介词提前时，不能用who. This is the person who/whom I borrowed the book from. This is the person from _______ I borrowed the book. 4.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能用which 或 whom e.g. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now. The man to you talk just now is a famous runner. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on _______he is sitting