3第三单元(国外英文资料).doc

3第三单元(国外英文资料) The eighth class of ancient China invention and discovery One of the four great inventions. (the most representative achievements in science and Technology) Papermaking 1, the invention and spread As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Chinese was made of paper. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the eunuch Cai Lun improved the papermaking, the plant fiber paper gradually replaced bamboo as the main material for writing the ancient China. The Tang Dynasty was introduced into Europe 2: Is a great revolution in writing materials. The Tang Dynasty was introduced into Europe, the end of the parchment and small kraft paper era, promoted the development of European culture. Printing 1, invention The Sui and Tang Dynasties, there Chinese woodblock printing. The Song Dynasty is the golden age, the middle of the Eleventh Century, Bi Sheng invented the civilian clay type printing. 2. After the European reference printing China, made the type printing machine itself, greatly promoted the Renaissance and religious reform, promote the ideological emancipation and social progress. Gunpowder 1, the invention and spread China ancient alchemists first invented gunpowder, To the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military. The Song Dynasty, the military on the widespread use of gunpowder. 2. Gunpowder was introduced into Europe, promoted the development of European gunpowder weapons, the feudal castle on the cold weapon cannot withstand a single blow, swagger before others declined knighthood. Compass The worlds first guide instrument is invented in the Warring States period, ian. Later, people use the characteristics of magnet guide, made of compass. The Northern Song Dynasty when the compass for navigation, compass use, promote ocean voyages, ushered in the age of discovery. Summary: The four great inventions of the significance: (1) the invention and improvement of papermaking is a great revolution in writing materials to promote the development of Eur