专题四 电离平衡和盐类的水解平衡(国外英文资料).doc

专题四 电离平衡和盐类的水解平衡(国外英文资料) Two, test summary: Comparison of 1. ionization equilibrium and hydrolysis equilibrium: Ionization equilibrium Hydrolysis equilibrium The object of study Weak electrolyte (water, weak acid, weak strong) Salt (salt alkali, strong acid and weak base salt) Essence H+ weak acid weak acid ion Weak base anion OH+ The ionization of salt: Weak acid +H2O acid (root) +OH Weak anion +H2O base +H+ Characteristic The acid (alkali) of the weak; the smaller the degree of ionization The ionization process is endothermic Multiple step ionization and weak acid: A two three ionization ionization ionization The weaker hydrolysis (corresponding to acid or alkali is weaker, the greater the degree of hydrolysis); The hydrolysis process of endothermic; Multiple weak acid hydrolysis and hydrolysis: 1 two three level of hydrolysis hydrolysis. Expression ionization equation H2CO3 HCO3 - +H+ HCO3 - CO32 - +H+ Hydrolyzed formula CO32 - +H2O - +OH - HCO3 HCO3 - +H2O H2CO3 - +OH shadow ring because element Temperature Promote the heating, ionization, ion concentration increases (excluding volatile solute) Temperature, hydrolysis strong degree Dilute with water To promote ionization, but the ion concentration does not increase Promote hydrolysis With the same ion Suppression of ionization Inhibition of hydrolysis Adding reactive ion Promote ionization Promote hydrolysis 2. factors affecting the ionization of water: Ionized water is one of the forms of ionization equilibrium, so can the extension, to think and understand the impact ionization specific water balance factors influencing factors from the ionization equilibrium. The temperature due to the endothermic ionization process of water, so the water temperature is right the ionization equilibrium, the ionization heating can promote water, C (H +), C (OH) at the same time increases, Kw increases, pH decreases, but C (H +) and C (OH) are equal. The system remained neutral. The acid and alkali, adding acid or alkal