脑科学(国外英文资料).doc

脑科学(国外英文资料) Neuroscience, in the narrow sense, is neuroscience, in order to understand the molecular, cellular, and cellular processes in the nervous system, as well as The integration of these processes in the central functional control system Main research progress 1 、 the development of Neuroscience at molecular and cellular levels is swift and violent The processing of information carried out by each neuron is accomplished by synaptic communication between cells. Specifically, presynaptic cells produce impulses, A specific receptor on the site of the postsynaptic cell membrane by releasing neurotransmitters, resulting in changes in excitability of the latter cell. There are hundreds of billions of nerve cells in the human brain, so people can control the body flexible movement of the seven emotions and six sensory pleasures, limbs, are due to the information in the brain There is no transmission between them. However, there is a gap between the nerve cell and the nerve cell, just like a suture in the two cliff, and the message is to jump over the gap To pass the past. The small cliffs protruding from these nerve cells are called synapses (synapse), which release when the information comes to the synapse Chemicals that pass through the gap carry information, called neurotransmitters, and dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters. Dopamine acts as a means of transmitting information about excitement and joy, and people are addicted to something mainly because of it. Chairman of the Nobel Committee Smokers, alcoholics, and addicts are all related to the amount of dopamine and controlled by dopamine, he said in a commentary on the prize. There are four kinds of neurotransmitters in the brain, namely, biological amines, amino acids, peptides and other kinds. The biological amines, neurotransmitters, are the first to be discovered Classes include dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and serotonin (5-HT), also known as serotonin (5-). Amino acid Neurot