玉米倒伏及其对产量的影响.pdf

玉 米科学2011 ，19(1)：105～108 Journal of Maize Sciences 文章编号：1005- 0906(2011)01- 0105- 04 玉米倒伏及其对产量的影响 程富丽，杜 雄，刘梦星，靳小利，崔彦宏 (河北农业大学农学院/ 河北省作物生长调控实验室，河北 保定 071001) 摘 要：采用试验与生产调查相结合的方法，分析倒伏玉米植株性状表现及对产量的影响，研究种植密度、品 种选择和氮钾肥对玉米抗倒伏的影响。结果表明，不同品种间抗倒伏能力存在显著差异，株高和穗位高不能作为评 价品种抗倒伏能力强弱的主要指标，茎秆基部节间粗和长粗比值小的品种具有较强的抗茎折能力；随着密度的提 高，植株的抗倒伏能力下降；氮钾肥配施能有效提高茎秆的抗倒伏能力。玉米吐丝 1 周后倒伏品种的穗粒数、千粒 重、穗粒重分别降低19.4%～30.2%、29.6%～31.8%、45.0%～50.8%。 关键词：玉米；倒伏；产量 中图分类号：S513.04 文献标识码：A Lodging of Summer Maize and the Effects on Grain Yield CHENG Fu- li, DU Xiong, LIU Meng- xing, JIN Xiao- li, CUI Yan- hong (College of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China) Abstract: The apparent characters of lodging maize plant, the effects of planting density, variety selection, and nitrogen- potassium combined application on stem- lodging resistance and grain yield were analyzed. The results showed that there was significant difference among different maize hybrids. Plant height and ear height should not be regarded as the major indexes to evaluate the lodging resistance of maize, and the stalk breaking resistance of the hy- brid was strong which was characterized as a thick basal stem and a small value of internodes length/diameter. The lodging resistance of summer maize decreased with the planting density increasing. The nitrogen- potassium combining application could improve the lodging resistance effectively. The lodging grain number per spike, 1 000- grain weight and grain weight per spike after silking in one weeks time could decrease 19.4% - 30.2% ，29.6% - 31.8% and 45.0% - 50.8%, respect