修辞：Iroy.ppt

Irony;2.Irony is the expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. ; Classifications of Irony: there are two different ways of dividing Irony. The first case is based on the genre, the second case is on the form— a mild form or not. ;Generally speaking, Irony can be divided into four categories on the basis of Genre: 1.　Verbal Irony (语言倒反) 2.　Stylistic Irony (风格倒反) 3.　Dramatic Irony (戏剧倒反) 4.　Situational Irony (情景倒反); 1.　Verbal Irony What a noble illustration of the tender law of his favored country! — they let the paupers go to sleep! (Dickens) 这是证明他那可爱的国家的仁慈法律的一个多么漂亮的例证！— 他们允许穷人睡觉！; b. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (H. L. Mencken: The Libido for the Ugly) 很难想象人们仅仅出于无知会搞出这些可怕的杰作。 (masterpieces here means the opposite— the extremely ugly building); c. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind. (John Scopes: the Trial That Rocked the World) (Zhang hanxi Advanced English ) ;;Background Information;; Now, he had not even a penny with him and did not have to think about what to eat for lunch, wonderful! (Robert Tressell: The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists) 现在他一名不文，也不必操心午饭吃什么了，真棒！ (wonderful means the opposite — bad; here it is used in a rakish manner) e. This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month. 这个勤奋的学生每个月读书时间不超过一小时。; f. 根据报纸上官方介绍，他是天底下头等大好人，浑身上下毫无缺点，连肚脐眼都没有。（宗福先《于无声处》） According to the official write-ups in the papers, he’s the best man in the world. He doesn’t have a single defect in his whole body. Why, he doesn’t even have a belly-button! ;Note that: Some of the Verbal Irony is light-hearted and humorous: for example, we