被动语态讲解及练习(附答案).doc

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被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式   1. 被动语态的基本时态变化   被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:  1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时   例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.   3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时   例A new cinema is being built here.   4) was/were done 一般过去时   例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.   5) had been done 过去完成时   例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.   6) was/were being done 过去进行时   例A meeting was being held when I was there.   7) shall/will be done 一般将来时   例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.   8) should/would be done 过去将来时   例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.   9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)   例The project will have been completed before July.   2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式   1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。   例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.   2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。   例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.   3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。   例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.   4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。   例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.   5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。   例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.   3. 非谓语动词的被动语态   v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。   例I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态   学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。   1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。   例 My bike was stolen last night.   2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。   例 I was given ten minutes to decide

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