矿物加工专业语复习资料.doc

Unit1 Lesson1 1 矿物（minerals） Minerals definition: Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances possessing definite chemical compositions and atomic structures. 矿物的定义：具有稳定的化学成分、晶体结构的天然无机化合物。 Mineral types: native and metallic form, oxides, sulphides, carbonates, silicates and chlorides. 矿物的种类：主要按化学成分划分：单质矿物、氧化物、硫化物、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、卤化物等。 Isomorphism: substitution of atoms within the crystal structure by similar atoms takes place without affecting the atomic structure. 类质同象：矿物晶体中的原子被类似原子取代而不改变矿物晶体结构的现象。例如：铁橄榄石—镁橄榄石。 Polymorphism: different minerals have the same chemical composition, but markedly different physical properties due to a difference in atomic structure. 同质多象：矿物的化学成分相同，但晶体结构和物理化学性质不同的现象。例如：金刚石、石墨。 Rocks: Rocks consist of a variety of minerals and form large parts of the earth’s crust. Granite, for instance, which is the most abundant igneous rock, is composed of three main mineral constituents, feldspar, quartz, and mica. 岩石：由一种或多种矿物组成的天然集合体，例如：花岗岩主要由石英、长石、云母以不同比例组成。 2 矿石ores Ore: An ore can be described briefly as an accumulation of mineral in sufficient quantity as to be capable of economic extraction. 矿石:具有经济利用价值的矿物集合体. Classification: （1） Ores are frequently classed according to the nature of the valuable mineral, such as native ores, sulphide ores and oxidised ores. （2） Ores are also classified by the nature of their gangues, such as calcareous or basic (lime rich), or siliceous, or acidic (silica rich) 矿石的分类:（1）根据有用矿物的性质分为:自然元素矿石(单质矿石)、硫化矿和氧化矿等。（2）根据脉石矿物的性质分为：钙质矿石、硅质矿石、酸性矿石等。 3 金属矿石与非金属矿石metallic ores and non-metallic ores Ores of economic value can be classed as metallic (when it is used to prepare the metal) or non-metallic (when it is used to make material), according to the use of the mineral. 根据矿物的用途划分：如果以提取矿物中的金属为目的，则成为金属矿石；如果矿物直接利用，则称之为非金属矿石。 Review of the last lesson 1 矿物（minerals） Minerals by definition are natural inorganic substances possessing definite chemical compositions and atomic structures. Isomorphism: Many minerals exh