W7语法笔记和作业.doc

动词的时和体 Tenses and Aspects of Verbs 一般 进行体 完成体 完成进行体 现在 一般现在时 现在进行体 现在完成体 现在完成进行体 过去 一般过去时 过去进行体 过去完成体 过去完成进行体 She plays the piano very well. she played the piano very well when she was young. She is playing the piano now. She was playing the piano this time yesterday. She has played the piano for half an hour. By lunchtime, she had played the piano for a long time. She has been playing the piano since early morning. By 10 oclock, she had been playing the piano for two hours. 一般现在时（即不与进行体或完成体结合的现在时） 【1】表示不受时限的客观事实或者真理 Water boils when its temperature reaches 100 degrees. Shanghai is a coastal city. The Earth orbits the Sun. 【2】表示现在习惯动作 Father takes a walk after dinner every day. Father doesn’t smoke. 常与频度副词often, seldom, rarely, hardly连用 【3】表示现时状态和现在瞬时动作 用于静态动词：有一定时间的持续性的情况 Someone is at the door. Whom do you believe? 瞬时动作：仅用于表示短暂动作的动态动词。适用活动现场解说（体育赛事、魔术等等）。 Now I put this mixture into this bowl and add a drop of essence oil. I declare the meeting open. I, Eddard of the House Stark, Lord of Winterfell and Warden of the North, sentence you to die. 适用于agree, apologize, deny, name, object, promise, say, sentence, suggest, sympathize等生活词汇。 POP QUIZ: 一只猫的每只耳朵里有32块肌肉。 A cat has 32 muscles in each ear. 滴水穿石。Patience wears out stones. 谚语“一燕不成夏”的意思是一次幸运或好事等并不意味着其他事情也会那么好。 The saying “One swallow does not make a summer” means a single fortunate or satisfactory incident does not mean that all the others will be as good. 【4】表示将来 I hope you have a good time. I’ll see to it that you don’t get lost. See to it/make sure/make certain + that... if/when引导的条件或时间分句 Will you go and help us get in the crops when the harvest time comes? 【5】表示过去 Tell, say, hear, learn, gather Alice tells me you’re entering college next year. I hear poor old Smith has lost his son. 即told/heard，或可以用has told/have heard 【6】叙述电影情节/转述书刊内容用一般现在时。 Eep is a girl in a family of cavemen living and hunting in pre-historic times, talking about how her family is one of the few to survive, mainly due to the strict