英语与词汇学(全).ppt

Chapter 1 ;Some Interesting Facts;Sweetmeats(糖果)； sweetbreads(甜面包）？ In English we find that quicksand can work slowly, Boxing rings(拳击赛台)are square． And why is that writers write, but fingers dont fing，grocers dont groce, and hammers dont ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, why isn‘t the plural of booth，beeth? One goose，two geese, So, one moose(驼鹿), two meese?(复数形式仍然是moose)；One mouse, two mice; One louse(虱子), two lice; One house? two hice? If teachers taught, why didnt preacher praught?(preached) If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat? Why do people recite at a play, and play at a recital? Ship by truck or car and send cargo by ship?(动词与动词的功能差异；为什么演话剧时人们要朗诵，而在独奏会上却要演奏：polysemy) Have noses that run and feet that smell?;Park on driveways and drive on parkways? 美国的房子周围有driveway(入户的车道)：私人车道；parkway大路，干道) How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? When a house burns up, it bums down.(方位稳喻) You fill in a form by filling it out. (collocation) And an alarm clock goes off by going on． You get in and out of a car, yet you get on and off a bus. If there is a phrase of “gold bar”, then what does “gold brick” mean? And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it, But when 1 wind up this essay, I end it?（一词多义） ;Lexicology as a part of linguistics;1. The definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体。词又是语句的基本结构单位。 (P.1) A fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function. 词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有声音、意义和语法功能。《辞海》1984，上海辞书出版社 ;2. Sound and Meaning: ;(1)His beloved friend has breathed his last(咽气了) (2)His dear friend has p