英语与语法 并列结构.doc

并列结构的定义两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做“并列结构” (Coordinate Construction), 或者“平行结构”(Parallel Construction)。 并列结构的各种形式１）词与词的并列　　　　 you and mebuy and sell２）词组与词组的并列 a teacher and a student walking down the street or running through an alley３）分句与分句的并列 you can go or you can stay with us. The children can go with us or they can stay at home. Compound Sentence 并列句/复合句2. 并列结构的连接手段１）并列连词２）标点符号　３）并列结构的插入语在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。４）并列结构的对称组合成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。 并列结构? 一、表示平行、递进关系的连词?1.?A?and?B:?A和B? And连接两个并列成分。and也常位于句首，使上下文联系更紧密。? The?fabric?is?light?and?strong.? I?like?reading?and?fishing?in?my?spare?time.?This?model?of?the?computer?is?powerful,?and?the?price?is?competitive.? It?was?a?severe?winter.?And?we?had?not?enough?food?for?ourselves.?? 2.?both?A?and?B:?A和B都?这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成分必须在结构上等同。不能连接句子。?The?new?tax?policy?benefits?both?workers?and?farmers.? Bothe?she?and?I?are?interested?in?English?literature.?? 3.?not?only…but?(also)…不仅……而且……???not?only…but…as?well不仅……而且……也? as?well?as和?…and…as?well和? *?not?only…but?(also)…结构侧重在后者，而as?well?as侧重在前者。? Not?only?George?but?also?his?wife?did?a?lot?for?us.? It?is?said?that?he?can?fly?a?plane?as?well?as?drive?a?car.? She?can?play?pop?music?and?classical?music?as?well.?? 二、表示选择关系的连词? 1.?neither?A?nor?B:?A和B都不? 这一结构表示否定意义，若连接两个句子可以采用倒装形式。? Einstein?cared?for?neither?money?nor?fame.?You?can?neither?take?it?out?nor?photocopy?it.?*在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。? You?can?never?take?it?out?or?photocopy?it.?? 2.?or或者，大约，否则，不然? ?either…or…或者…….或者……，不是……就是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式)? Do?you?stay?at?home?alone?or?go?to?theatre?with?me?? You’ll?have?to?wait?one?or?two?days?before?you?know?the?result.? Hurry?up,?or?we’ll?be?late.? Have?one?more?try,?or?you?won’t?be?successful.? Either?he?didn’t?speak?clearly?or?you?didn’t?hear?well.?? 三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词：but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却）等?After?a?busy?day,?I?felt?tired?but?happy.? Difficulties?will?arise?in?the?course?of?reforming.?But?we?will?certainly?overcome?them.? He?was?not