药物与剂型的分类(双语).doc

药物剂型的分类 The classification of drug dosage forms 按物态分类 According to the material classification 将剂型分为固体、半固体、液体和气体等类。固体剂型入散剂、颗粒剂（冲剂）、丸剂、片剂、胶剂等；半固体剂型如内服膏滋、外用膏剂、糊剂；液体剂型如汤剂、合剂（含口服液剂）、糖浆剂、酒剂、酊剂、露剂、注射液等；气体剂型如气雾剂、烟剂等。 The dosage forms are divided into solid, semi solid, liquid and gas. Solid dosage forms into powder, granule (granule), pills, tablets, adhesive agent; semi solid dosage forms such as oral soft extract, ointment, paste; liquid dosage forms such as decoction, Decoction (including oral liquid agent), syrup, wine, tincture, lotions, injection; gas dosage forms such as aerosol, smoke agent etc.. 由于物态相同，其制备特点和医疗效果亦有相同之处。例如固体剂型多需经粉碎和混合；半固体剂型多需要熔化和研匀；液体剂型多需经提取。疗效方面以液体、气体剂型为最快，固体剂型较慢。 Due to the same state, its preparation and medical effect is similar. For example, solid dosage forms more crushing and mixing; semi solid dosage forms need to melt and research smoothing; liquid dosage forms by extraction. Effect in liquid, gas dosage form for the fastest, solid dosage forms slowly. 这种分类法在制备、贮藏和运输上较有意义，但是过于简单，缺少剂型间的内在联系，实用价值不大。 This classification method in the preparation, storage and transportation is significant, but is too simple, the lack of internal connection forms, of little practical value. 二、按制法分类 According to the classification system of law 将主要工序采用同样方法制备的剂型列为一类。例如浸出药剂是将用浸出方法制备的汤剂、合剂、酒剂、酊剂、流浸膏剂与浸膏剂等归纳为一类。无菌制剂是将用灭菌方法或无菌操作法制备的注射剂、滴眼剂等列为一类。这种分类法有利于研究制备的共同规律，但归纳不全，而且某些剂型随着科学的发展会改变其制法，故有一定局限性。 The main process adopts the form of column similarly prepared for a class. Such as leaching agent is made by leaching method for preparation of decoction, mixture, wine, tincture, liquid extract and extract agent into a class. Sterile preparation is injection, will use the sterilization method or aseptic preparation of eye drops as a class. This classification is conducive to the common law of preparation, but the sum is not complete, and some dosage forms with the development of science will change its preparation method, it has certain limitations. 三、按分散系统分类 According to t