1运动：附肢骨课件.pptVIP

The appendicular skeleton(附肢骨） the brief introduction Includes the bones of upper limbs and lower limbs. Because of the erect standing ,the upper limbs are free and adapted for the purpose of prehension, while the lower limbs are specialized for locomotion, bearing weight, and maintaining equilibrium. So the bones of lower limb are more massive than those of upper limb. Ⅰ Bones of upper limb Composition: Shoulder girdle clavicle 锁骨 scapula 肩胛骨 Bones of free upper limb humerus 肱骨 ulna尺骨 radius 桡骨 bones of hand 手骨 Tow curves: “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward. Tow ends: sternal end胸骨端 acromial end肩峰端 ⅱ Scapula 肩胛骨 Two surfaces Anterior surface: subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝 Posterior surface: spine of scapula 肩胛冈 supraspinous fossa冈上窝 infraspinous fossa冈下窝 acromion 肩峰 Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space Lateral: glenoid cavity 关节盂 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节 ⅱ Radius 桡骨 Upper end: head of radius 桡骨头 neck of radius 桡骨颈 radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆 Shaft: interosseous border 骨间缘 Lower end: carpal articular surface 腕关节面 styloid process 桡骨茎突 ⅲ Ulnar 尺骨 Upper end: olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 trochlear notch 滑车切迹 radial notch 桡切迹 Lower end : styloid process 尺骨茎突 head of ulna 尺骨头 Carpal bones 腕骨(8) 舟月三角豆;大小头状钩 Metacarpal bones掌骨(5): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 head (distally) 头 Phalanges of fingers 指骨(14): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 trochlea of phalanx (distally) 滑车 Ⅱ Bones of Lower Limb Composition: Pelvic girdle: hip bone 髋骨 Bones of free lower limb: Femur 股骨 Patella 髌骨 Tibia 胫骨 fibula 腓骨 Bones of foot 足骨 ⅱ） ischium 坐骨 Body of