安义讲学viws of language and language learning objectives.ppt

Views on Language and Language Learning objectives Foreign Languages College of Jiangxi Normal University 刘春燕 What are we teaching when we say we are teaching English?(objectives) Textbooks Students Vocabulary Grammar Competence Performance etc. Traditional grammar Grammatical rules: morphology and syntax Vocabulary selection The sentence is the basic unit of language Accuracy is emphasized Grammar is taught deductively Structural linguistics Language is a system of linguistic units such as sounds, words, and sentences Language is speech, not writing A language is a set of habits Teach the language, not about the language A language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say Universal grammar Competence and performance (Chomsky) Language is innate Universal grammar: principles and parameters Acquisition v. learning Comprehensible input (Krashen): i+1 Competence: what the speaker knows, what the linguist should be concerned with. Performance: what the speaker does, i.e. says or writes, at any given time, and what the linguist should not be concerned with. Principles: all languages have in common. E.g. the principle of structure dependency “Is John is the man who happy” Parameters: aspects that vary from one language to another within tightly set limits. E.g. pro-drop Acquisition: a subconscious process similar to the way children develop ability in their first language. Learning:conscious knowledge of a second language, knowing the rules, being aware of them, and being able to talk about them. Functional linguistics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis Language as an instrument of social interaction rather than as a system that is viewed in isolation Language as communicative tool Functions of language: ideational, interpersonal, and textual (Halliday) Functions in language teaching: request, apologizing, thanks, giving orders, warning, suggesting, pleading, advising, etc. The ideational function is to organize the speaker’s or wri