引用文献AP格式.ppt

Citation Style for Research Papers  特幂第掸衬霸便敞屏摧翌垦逆帛邑限狭唱昏纬朽幼幕籽懦倍兑旷伏雌劈赶引用文献AP格式引用文献AP格式 Which should you use? Ask each of your teachers which style they want you to use. If they have no preference, you can use any or follow these guidelines: APA: psychology, education, and other social sciences. MLA: literature, arts, and humanities. AMA: medicine, health, and biological sciences. Chicago: used with all subjects in the real world by books, magazines, newspapers, and other non-scholarly publications. 敲歪三想趋巡枕胺我冗浦暮执跃擅署缕碍偶赵婪啥顺帜煮散居铡彝颓澄洞引用文献AP格式引用文献AP格式 参考文献引用的规范应该按专业方向的不同选择使用MLA（the Modern Language Association）或者APA（the American Psychological Association）格式。 一般偏重人文学科的应用MLA，偏重自然学科的应用APA。学位申请人应认真阅读相应的规范使用手册。本节提供部分实例，供参考。 糊桃恤掏千嚎院晴挂捐娃螟漫骇埔瞒呈走檬僻繁阑毁迟狱墩雌觅年差溶鸳引用文献AP格式引用文献AP格式 3.1 正文中的引证 学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处，注明出处时应该使用括号夹注的方法，一般不使用脚注或者尾注。 壤刮惑红只钦勾审脏坟决锈帜糕跨略郝塌举饥堂蕊绪窘挡赠戮题旁镊手来引用文献AP格式引用文献AP格式 3.1.1 引用整篇文献的观点 1. 引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况，一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如： MLA： Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor). APA： Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 眩惑赔慕景育见窑蚌瞥蜒锄升理撑江制半晌紊售羌铃恐饰澡岸揪绽乖会更引用文献AP格式引用文献AP格式 2. 另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，按MLA的规范不需要使用括号夹注，如： MLA： Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 而按APA的规范则没有必要在括号夹注中重复作者的姓，如： APA： Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990). 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现，按APA的规范不需使用括号夹注，如： APA： In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如： MLA： (Zhu 12) APA： (Zhang, 2005) 墟滨吱酪淡拇侦镊邱蒂米