Ethnicdialect黑人语言的特点.ppt

* Idiolect Ethnic dialect Definition： Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Example Local humor Shanghainese Haipai Qingkou satirical An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences; it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. For example, black English, the kind of English spoken mostly by a large section of non-middle-class American Blacks. The characterastics of Black English Pronunciation and Intonation Syntax and Grammar Spelling 1.NO / r / 2.NO / l / e.g coal, goal / kou/， /gou/ 3. Lenition 辅音弱化 / b/, /d/, /g/ /p/, /t/, /k/ e.g led let 4. /θ/, / e / are always transformed. /θ/ / t / e.g think / tink / / f / e.g mouth /?mauf / / e / / d / e.g they / dei / with / wid / 5.Sometimes / i /, / e / are the same. E.g pin pen 6. The simplification of the consonant affix 辅音连缀的简化 e.g passed，past pass mend，meant men 7. The change of stress e.g po`lice `police 8. Intonation 与标准美语相比,在相似的情景中,黑人英语语调变化比白人大,经常使用高调甚至假声是黑人英语的一个特征 After vowel e.g hard had Between vowels e.g parise pass Omit “be” e.g He too tall for me. / My momma in hospital. “Be” tells time e.g if someone says“The coffee cold”, it means “Today the coffee is cold”, but if he want to tells us “Everyday the coffee is cold”, then he should say “The coffee be cold”. Negation 1) 3 forms of negation : ain`t, don`t, dit`n 2) Two noes don`t make a yes. you can`t do nothing for hi