张振宇-浅析城轨列车轮盘式...docVIP

浅析城轨列车轮盘式制动与踏面制动的 区别以及应用 作者姓名 张振宇 指导教师 李济棋 单 位 上海地铁第二运营有限公司 摘 要：针对11号线AC16型列车采用的制动装置为盘式制动，而上海地铁其他车型均为踏面制动，且随着城市轨道交通逐步向城市郊区延伸而需要提高列车运营速度来保证运能，盘式制动的应用已成为必然趋势，故本文将对盘式制动的主要构成，盘式制动的优缺点进行介绍，将与踏面制动进行比较,以及在AC16型列车投入运营以来，以不同角度对盘式制动的应用情况进行分析。 关键词：AC16、盘式制动、踏面制动、应用情况 目 录 1. 前言···························································4 2. 盘式制动装置的主要构成·········································4 2. 1 制动盘·························································5 2.2 制动夹钳·······················································5 2.3 制动闸片·······················································6 3. 盘式制动的特点··················································7 3.1 摩擦接触面积大、制动力大·······································7 3.2 列车制动时噪音较轻·············································8 3.3 热容量大·······················································8 3.4 列车故障率低···················································8 3.5 闸瓦磨耗低、维修成本小·········································8 3.6 低碳环保·······················································9 4. 盘式制动与他面制动的区别········································9 4.1 接触方式不同···················································9 4.2 速度限界不同···················································9 4..3 对车轮尺寸影响不同·············································9 5. 应用情况························································9 6. 结束语··························································10 1、前言 城市轨道车辆转向架的基础制动从作用方式上分为踏面制动和盘式制动，踏面制动是传统的制动方式，它是采用闸瓦压紧车轮踏面产生制动力进行制动的，因此在制动中不可避免的对车轮踏面产生影响，这种影响包括机械磨损和热影响两个方面，前者加速踏面磨损降低车轮使用寿命，后者则使车轮承受周期热负荷，导致踏面的热疲劳和剥离，严重时使车轮产生弛缓造成安全事故。制动功率越大，踏面制动时对踏面的影响也就越大，当功率大到一定值时，制动闸瓦和车轮将不能吸收全部的热容量。因此踏面制动只能使用在中低速城轨车辆上。 为克服踏面制动固有的缺点，随着城轨交通逐步向城市郊区延伸，盘式制动开始在城轨交通车辆使用。盘式制动是在车轴上或在车轮辐板侧面安装制动盘，用制动夹钳使两个制动闸片紧压制动盘侧面，通过摩擦产生制动力，使列车停止前进。由于作用力不在车轮踏面上，盘式制动可以大大减轻车轮踏面的热负荷和机械磨耗，可提高车轮寿命。另外制动平稳，几乎没有噪声。盘式制动的摩擦面积大，而且可以根据需要安装若干套，制动效果明显高于踏面制动。盘式制动从制动盘的安装上又分为轮盘制动和轴盘制动，轮盘制动的制动盘一般夹装在车轮两侧，在转向架使用，因此最多能安装8个盘8个摩擦面。而轴盘制动的制动盘只能安装在车轴或者空心轴套上，在空间允许的条件下可以安装2个制动盘4个摩擦面，从这一点可以看出轮盘制动比轴