脑水通道蛋白的分布、功能及调控机制 (2).docVIP

脑水通道蛋白的分布、功能及调控机制 刘健锋1，丁艳平2，王建林1，邵宝平1 (1兰州大学生命科学学院，甘肃省兰州市 730000；2西北师范大学生命科学学院，甘肃省兰州市 730070) 文章亮点： 1 此问题的已知信息：在哺乳动物脑中主要表达的水通道蛋白是水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4和水通道蛋白9，其他的仅为零星表达。 2 文章增加的新信息：在哺乳动物脑中主要表达的水通道蛋白中，水通道蛋白1除了主要分布于脑室脉络丛顶膜作为跨细胞膜的水通道外，在其他不同类型细胞中其气体小分子CO2，NO，NH3 及O2也可通过该通道；水通道蛋白4在不同脑疾病中其表达特征及其作用不尽相同，在水分子的快速跨膜转运中发挥着重要作用；水通道蛋白9除了参与水的代谢外，主要参与神经元的能量代谢。 3 临床应用的意义：水通道蛋白被认为是对脑中水运输提供关键路径的主要水通道，有关水通道蛋白分布、功能及调控机制的研究对于攻克脑相关疾病起重要作用。尽管，到目前为止，人们对脑中主要表达的水通道蛋白进行了较为深入地探讨，但是，其在维持脑正常生理及相关疾病中表达的调节机制尚未明晰，相关分子信号通路尚待更加深入、系统地研究。18(2):314-321. Distribution, function and regulation mechanism of aquaporin in the brain Liu Jian-feng1, Ding Yan-ping2, Wang Jian-lin1, Shao Bao-ping1 (1School of Life Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China) Abstract BACKGROUND: The aquaporin (AQP), mainly AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9, are expressed in mammalian brain, while the others are sporadically expressed. There is no evidence concerning the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in the brain. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively analyze the research progress of the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in maintaining normal physiological function of the brain. METHODS: An online retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1980 and July 2013 was performed for articles on the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP, with the key words of “AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism” in English and Chinese. A total of 163 papers were screened out and 85 of them met the inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The existing studies about the expression, function and regulating mechanism of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 in the brain can be summarized as the following three aspects: (1) AQP1 is expressed in the choroid plexus and participates in forming cerebrospinal fluid; in other types of cells, gas micromolecules CO2, N