A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks-英文文献.pdf

ARTICLE IN PRESS Ad Hoc Networks xxx (2004) xxx–xxx /locate/adhoc A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks Kemal Akkaya *, Mohamed Younis Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Received 4 February 2003; received in revised form 20 July 2003; accepted 1 September 2003 Abstract Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor net- works where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Most of the attention, however, has been given to the routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. This paper surveys recent routing protocols for sensor networks and presents a classification for the various approaches pursued. The three main categories explored in this paper are data-centric, hierarchical and location-based. Each routing protocol is de- scribed and discussed under the appropriate category. Moreover, protocols using contemporary methodologies such as network flow and quality of service modeling are also discussed. The paper concludes with open research issues. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Sensor networks; Energy-aware routing; Routing protocols; Classification of protocols 1. Introduction rectly or through a data concentration center (a gateway). The decrease in the size and cost of Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical sensors, resulting from such technological