Attention, similarity, and the identification-Categorization Relationship-英文文献.pdf

Journal of Expcrimmatal Psychology: General Copyright 1986 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 1996, 4oi. t 15, No. 1, 39-57 0096-3445/86/$00.75 Attention, Similarity, and the Identification-Categorization Relationship Robert M. Nosofsky Indiana University A unified quantitative approach to modeling subjects identification and categorization of multidi- mensional perceptual stimuli is proposed and tested. Two subjects identified and categorized the same set of perceptually confusable stimuli varying on separable dimensions. The identification data were modeled using Sbepards (1957) multidimensional scaling-choice framework. This framework was then extended to model the subjects categorization performance. The categorization model, which generalizesthe context theory of classificationdevelopedby Medin and Schaffer(1978), assumes that subjects store category exemplars in memory. Classification decisions are based on the similarity of stimuli to the stored exemplars. It is assumed that the same multidimensionalperceptual representation underlies performance in both the identification and Categorizationparadigms. However,because of the influence of selectiveattention, similarityrelationships change systematically across the two par-