朱卓蕴.ppt

Welcome to the class 朱卓蕴 Late in 19th century 1）Tomas Edison 2）American system of manufacture a.Taylorism b.Fordism Tomas Edison Electricity was playing its role in communications during the nineteenth century, yet a new use for this source of power was developed by the most famous of all American inventors, Thomas Alva Edison, brought forth（使…生产)the system of motion pictures(电影）, the phonograph（留声机）, and, as everyone knows, the electric light. American system of manufacture At the end of the nineteenth century, America was the scene of another significant technological development. This time no new invention was directly involved. Frederick Winslow Taylor began to conduct his time-motion studies in order to discover the most efficient ways for laborers to accomplish their tasks. The art of management was being transformed into the science of management. Frederick Winslow Taylor American industrial engineer. He was called the father of scientific management. His management methods for shops, offices, and industrial plants（工业厂房） were successfully introduced in many industries, notably steel mills(钢厂). Henry Ford American industrialist, pioneer automobile（汽车） manufacturer. He founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903. By cutting the costs of production, by adapting the conveyor belt（传送带） and assembly line（流水线）to automobile production, and by featuring an inexpensive, standardized（标准化） car, Henry Ford was soon able to outdistance（超越） all his competitors and become the largest automobile producer in the world. He came to be regarded as the founder of mass production（大量生产）. Thank you for listening * Edisons Gramophone (telegraph) At the beginning of the twentieth century, Scientific Management merged with（融入） the concept of the assembly line（流水线） for manufacture, a notion borrowed by Henry Ford from the practices of cattle slaughtering(屠杀) houses, where carcasses(死尸) were hung on hooks(钩子) that traveled to different processing stations in