磕头机运行参数检测的无线传感器网络研究.doc

磕头机运行参数检测的无线传感器网络研究 摘要 磕头机是石油开采的主要设备，由于磕头机特殊工况的要求，研制能对磕头机运行参数进行记录的装置对提高磕头机的工作效率有非常重要的意义。另一方面，油田工作环境恶劣，怎样把磕头机运行的相关数据传送到中心控制室一直是个难题。 无线传感器网络(WSN)技术是一种新型的网络通信技术。它综合了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、通信技术、分布式信息处理技术、微电子制造技术和软件编程技术等，能够实时感知、采集、传输和处理网络监控区域内各种环境或监测对象的信息，具有成本低、功耗小、机动性好、易实现的特点。在工业、环境、太空、智能家居、军事等众多领域具有巨大的应用价值。 系统由基于ZigBee协议的磕头机无线监测网络和基于GPRS网络的远程数据中心两部分组成。无线监测网络主要由现场采集节点、路由节点和网关节点组成。现场采集节点根据需要灵活放置在磕头机上，实时获取磕头机的电流、电压等参数。路由节点将单个油井的监测数据进行整理，并通过ZigBee无线网络将数据以帧的形式传送至网关节点。网关节点作为协调器与各路由节点进行动态组网构建Mesh网络，在传输过程中监测的数据可能被多个路由节点处理,经过多跳后汇集到网关节点,再由网关节点传送至GPRS网络，最终将数据传送到远程的控制中心。远程数据中心通过GPRS模块获取数据，通过RS-232接口上传至监控中心PC机。主控室对数据进行分析和处理后再将反馈信息传送回现场,从而实现了监控的信息化、自动化与实时性。 关键词 磕头机；参数监测；无线传感器网络；ZigBee Research on monitoring system of pumping unit based on wireless sensor networks Abstract The pumping unit is the primary oil production facilities, for the special request of the pumping unit in working conditions, it has a very important significance to develop a system that can record the parameters monitoring of the pumping unit. On the other hand, the working environment of oil field is hard, so how to give the relevant running data of the pumping unit to central control room is a problem all along. WSN (Wireless sensor networks) are a new kind of network technology for communication. It integrates many technologies，for example，sensor technology embedded computer technology, communication technology, distributed information processing technology，micro-electronic manufacture technology and software programming technology. It can monitor，transfer and process the real-time information of the object and environment in the area covered by the network .Wireless sensor network has the characteristics of low cost，low power and high mobility，and it is easy to implement. So it can be applied in many area such as industry，environment，aerospace，intelligent house，military and so on. The system is composed of two parts: One is the wireless sensor monitoring network that based on ZigBee agreement .The other is the rem