英美概况Chapter3.ppt

Chapter 3 The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381) I. Norman Rule (1066-1381) 1. William’s Rule (1066-1087) (1) The beginning of feudalism in England Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established. (2) What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror? A. Who owned the land under the feudal system in England? According to the system, the King owned all the land personally. B. How did William deal with the land and why? a. William gave his barons large estates in England in return for promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s production. King ---barons---lesser nobles, knights and freemen---serfs b. These estates were scattered far and wide over the country, so that the barons could not easily combine to rebel the king or that his authority was not be challenged by any powerful barons. This system of duties and rewards was called the Feudal System. In Normandy when barons or bishops were given land they had to swear an oath of loyalty to the lord who was giving it. This called doing homage. C. What was the peculiar feature of feudal system in England? To restrain the growth of power of the barons, all landowners, big of small, took the oath of allegiance for the land the held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king. D. What did William do to the Witan? He replaced the Witan (the Council of Anglo-Saxon Kings) with the Grand Council. E. Why did William compile the Domesday Book（土地调查清册）? The Domesday Book: Nature: a property record, and a general survey of England made in 1085 Content: it stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land Purpose: to have a reliable record of all the lands, his tenants and their possessions and to discover how much they could be called upon to pay taxes Why so called: because it seemed to the English like the Book of Doom F. What was William’s policy toward the church?