英语专业四级语法(二).ppt

英语专业四级 语法词汇讲座（二） 基本语法点 虚拟语气 比较级 There be 的非限定形式 附加疑问句 独立主格 倒装 时态—完成时态 主谓一致 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的规则用法：三种基本形式 二、虚拟语气的特殊应用： 1. would rather + that，谓语动词用一般过去时。 I would rather you told her the truth. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 2. if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + that，用虚拟语气。（见真题2006:52题） a. 表示与现在或将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时或would do。b. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。  Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I __ your advice.A follow?? B had followed?? C would follow?? D have followed If only the committee __ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve?? B will approve?? C can approve?? D would approve Note: only if “只有”；if only “如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。 E.g. I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。　　If only he comes early.　　　　但愿他早点回来。 3. 当以下动词后加句子时，句子应用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词的形式是：（should）+ 动词原形。a. 表示建议、提议的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.[move只有在表达在会议上提出提议时后面加虚拟语气]b. 表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c. 表示指挥、命令的：order, command, direct.d. 表示坚持，坚持认为的：insist. 4. 1)it is + 第三点中动词的过去分词/名词 + that-clause (should) do2)important, necessary, essential, obligatory, anxious, crucial, improper, impossible, natural, urgent, vital, willing。  5. it is (high/about) time 是...的时候了。谓语用一般过去时或 should+do,但should不可省略。 　 6. should + 动词原形中should不能省略。这里should表示一种语气，经常被翻译成“竟然”。a. 四个动词：think, believe, expect, suspect.否定或者疑问形式后面加句子，句子谓语动词用：should + do，should不能省略。 I dont believe that he should be cheated. 我不相信他也会被骗。b. it is a pity, it is a shame ，it is strange that 含蓄条件句 （真题解析2007:53题） 7. or, otherwise, unless, but for,without, in the absence of, under…condition, given, provided, were it not for 体现虚拟语气的形式是固定的：先要判断是表示与现在、过去、还是将来事实相反，然后依照相应的虚拟语气规则用法的形式来确定句子结构。 The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you say? lest, for fear that, on condition that后面句子的谓语动词的形式都是：（should）+ 动词原形。 8. It is a shame that he ____ that poor little girl! A deceived?? B s