英语写作突破 (2).pptVIP

The Development of College English Writing Skills Zhang Wei College of Foreign Languages Part 1 English Rhetoric and Writing英语修辞与写作 1. Introduction 1.1 What is Rhetoric 修辞的定义 Rhetoric is the art or science of communication of words. The study of how to express oneself effectively is the main concern of rhetoric. 修辞学既是研究语言，更是研究语言的使用，着重考察人们再社会交际中的言语规律和特点。它所研究的是为了达到交际目的，怎样说、怎样写，即怎样从客观的环境和对象出发，选择恰当的语言表达方式，力求使对方容易理解和乐于接受所要表达的思想。 1.2 The Relationship Between Rhetoric and Writing修辞与写作 If you know nothing of rhetoric, you cannot appropriately express your ideas, feelings and intentions. In order to make your writing readable, interesting and attractive, you should write in a vivid way. Rhetorical devices can help you achieve this purpose. 修辞是在语法正确的基础上如何进一步使用语言技巧，提高交际效果。这里需要说明，学习了修辞与写作的基本技巧和规律，虽然不能等于会写好文章，但对于写好文章肯定会有帮助，若忽视它们，则不可能把文章写好。 写作不仅要词语、语法正确，而且要语言准确、简明、生动、得体。俗话说：“三分姿质，七分打扮。”写作也是如此，巧妙运用各种修辞格式，会使你的作文语言文采焕然，瑰丽多姿。 The Example: If you are invited out to dinner, what will you say when you can’t make it because of another engagement? Here are two versions: 1) I’m sorry, I can’t. I have no time. I’m engaged. 2) That’s very kind of you, but I’m afraid I can’t make it because I have another engagement. Thank you all the same. Apparently the second version is more appropriate and desirable because it not only express your polite declination but also conveys your gratitude to the inviter. If you resorted to the first version, the inviter would be offended. The Example: The following is the words from a student to his roommate: I’ve gotta be in court at 9 on Tuesday morning. For sure I won’t be back for Walker’s bio test. Hope the old guy lets me take a makeup. But he may say the following words to his teacher: Excuse me, sir. I have to be in court next Tuesday and so I must be absent from the biology test. Would it be possible for me to take it at some later time. 1.3 Three levels of Rhetoric 修辞的层次 Phonetic Devices 语音修辞 Semantic Devices 语义修辞 Syntactic Devices 话语结构修辞 Styli