英语四级考试翻译部分translation.ppt

一、汉译英扫雷 虚拟、倒装、时态和语态 考点透析 1.虚拟语气 1) if 虚拟条件句 2) wish后的虚拟语气 3)表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语后的虚拟语气 4)熟悉常见的能引出虚拟语气的词语以及一些特殊的虚拟语气句型 非真实条件句 e.g. If the whole operation had not been planned beforehand，a great deal of time and money would have been lost． 如果整个运作过程不是已经提前规划好了的话，就会损失掉大量的时 间和金钱了。 需要注意的是，有时候主从句所指的时间概念会有不一致的情况，比如条件句是表示对过去的假设，而主句是表示对现在事实或将来可能造成的影响。 e.g.： If l hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell，you couldnt be smiling like this now 如果你摔下来时我没有站在梯子下面接住你，你现在就不可能像现在这样笑了。 If she had returned an hour earlier，Mary_____________________________ (就不会被大雨淋了) Key: would not have been caught by / in the heavy rain　　　　 2)wish后的虚拟语气 wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示的是某种无法实现的愿望，说话人常用它来表示对实际情况的不满、不情愿、不接受、遗憾、后悔等感情。宾语从句的谓语动词主要有三种形式： 现在的愿望 were / did 过去的愿望 had + done would／ should／ could／might have 十 done 表示对将来的愿望， would／should／could／might 十 do e.g.： I wish I were as tall as you. He wished he hadnt said that. I wish it would rain tomorrow. I didnt go to the party last night，but I do wish I had been there。 昨晚我没去舞会，但是我真的很希望我去了。 3)表示建议、主张、命令、请求等概念的词语后的虚拟语气 这类词语由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，所以后面接的 主语从句、 宾语从句、 同位语从句的谓语动词往往采用 ( should) + do /be done 常见的这类词语包括： 动词 动词相应的名词 形容词：It is + adj. +that… The law requires that everyone should have his car checked at least once a year. He urges that the restrictions should be lifted. My proposal is that the meeting should be postponed till a later time. His advice that John should wait until next week is quite reasonable. It is important that the applicant should state his reasons for wishing to work for our company. It is imperative that these safety rules be obeyed by everyone． 所有人必须遵守这些安全规则 4)熟悉常见的能引出虚拟语气的词语以及一些特殊的虚拟语气句型 除了if以外，还有一些词语也经常用于引出虚拟语气，如 lest for fear that 唯恐、免得、为了不使…… e.g. Lest the wall should collapse, they evacuated the building. The officer forbade the use of artillery