英语翻译1.被动语态的翻译.ppt

* 被动语态的翻译 语态是表明句子中谓语与主语之间关系的一种语法手段。相比汉语，英语中被动语态使用范围大、频率高。因此，在翻译时，我们可以根据两种语言的习惯，从句式和辅助词语两个方面进行语态转换。 1被动语态的翻译 1.1 译成被动句 英语被动句是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，在译成汉语时，除了用 “被”表示外，还可以运用其他词语，如 “受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、“由”、“把”、 “让”、“为……所”、“加以”、“予以”等。例如： 一、 英译汉中被动语态的翻译 被动语态的翻译 The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat. 乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，环境、运气不佳或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所困扰。 美国人牛肉吃得很多，因为美国有大量的土地可用来养牛，而且牛肉可以由铁路以低廉的价格进行长途运输。 2) Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroad. 被动语态的翻译 1.2 译成主动句 英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句子更符合汉语习惯。 Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. 如果你的新生儿听到响声并不吃惊，或者没有把头转向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。 被动语态的翻译 When the meal is finished, the guests put their napkins on the table and rise. 吃完饭后，客人们把餐巾放在桌上并起身。 被动语态的翻译 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描写，其作用与系表结构类似, 因此，此类句式可翻译成中文的判断句。例如: 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。 The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 被动语态的翻译 The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. 科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。 被动语态的翻译 主语宾语交换，译成主动句。例如: A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见…… 1.3 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 被动语态的翻译 B. 增加主语 It is asserted that... 有人主张…… It is believed that... 有人相信（认为）…… It is generally considered that... 大家认为 …… It is well known that... 大家知道（众所周知）…… It will be said that…· 有人会说…… It was told that