英语词汇学-第一章 (2).pptVIP

English LexicologyChapter 1 Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Abstract This chapter gives a scientific definition of a word, discusses the relationship between sound and meaning, between sound and form, between words and vocabulary, puts forward the three main principles of lexical classification and elaborates on the features of basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary, content words and functional words, native words and borrowed words. Main point definition of a word sound and meaning sound and form vocabulary classification or words basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary content words and functional words native words and borrowed words What is a word? A minimal free form of a language A sound unity A unit of meaning A form that can function alone in a sentence Definition of the word A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and sentence function. Another definition of the word A combination of vocal sounds, or one such sound, used in a language to express an idea (e.g. to denote a thing, attribute, or relation), and constituting an ultimate minimal element of speech having a meaning as such; a vocable[（以语音、字母为单位而不以意义为单位的）词，词外壳]. Heidi Harley, English words, blackwell Publishing, 2006 One more definition of the word An uninterruptible unit of structure consisting of one or more morphemes, which typically occurs in the structure of phrases. Howard Jackson, Words, meaning and vocabulary, Cassell Wellington House, 2000 Lexical and grammatical words Lexical words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They have fairly independent meanings and may be meaningful even in isolation or in a series. Grammatical words are elements like propositions, articles, conjunctions, forms indicating number or tense, and so on. Characteristics of the word The word is an uninterruptible unit. The word may consist one or more morphemes. The word occurs typically in the structure of phrases. The word should belong to a specif