英语语法知识体系.ppt

Introduction What is language? What essential elements does a language consist of? What is grammar? Why do we have to learn grammar? How do we learn grammar? 英语语法知识体系 目　　　录 名词 代词 动词 形容词 副词 数量词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词 句子成分 主谓一致 句子类型 独立成分 倒装 省略 转换与合并 标点 名 词 可数/不可数 单数/复数 规则变化/不规则变化 阴性/阳性 所有格 功用 1. 抽象名词的具体化 It is almost a profession to be a celebrity． He has a good practical knowledge of computer science． He made an earnest investigation with reference to agriculture in that area． 2．具体名词的抽象化 He was principal of our university． Man is the master of his own fate． Woman plays an equally important part as man． Morning is the best time for study． 3. 外来语名词的复数形式 die： ---dies 货币等的印模 ---dice 骰子 formula：---formulas 俗套话 ---formulae 公式 genius： ---geniuses 天才人物 ---genii 神仙，恶魔 index： ---indexes 索引 ---indeces 指数 medium：---fmediums 巫师 --- media手段，媒介物 4. 双重所有格的使用 He found a bone of the dog’s． He found a bone of the dog． He found the dog’s bone． I saw a portrait of Shakespeare’s． I saw a portrait of Shakespeare． I saw Shakespeare’s portrait． 5. 名词状语的语法意义 The ground is snow white． (=The ground is as white as snow．) China is world famous for the beauty of natural scenery． (=China is famous for the beauty of natural scenery in the world．) 6. 名词向动词的转化 Bus trays to dishroom． She mothered her brother and sister． He hurriedly pencilled the time on it． Please wheel the rubbish out to the dump． 7.名词与形容词做定语的意义区别 a China newsman 一位在中国的新闻记者(未必是中国人) a Chinese newsman一位中国籍的新闻记者(未必在中国) China edition 专门销售到中国的版本 (未必是中文本) Chinese edition 中文版本(此版本未必专门销售到中国) China policy 对华政策 Chinese policy 中国政策 代 词 类型 主格/宾格 特指/泛指 不定代词 1. 指上文/下文提到的人或物 There are two classes of people: the selfish and the selfless: these are found in working class, while those in the capitalists. 2. 宾格还是主格 --- You ought to do it. --- What, me! 3. 人称代词名词化 I noticed that, as usual, there were more shes than hes in this room. 4. we的特殊用法 We’ll now explain the text. (代替I) 5. You的特殊用法 It