中学教师的文化视野.pptVIP

中学教师的文化视野 教学中的文化 What did our parents give us upon our birth? Food Clothes The ability to walk The ability to speak Ways to associate with people Ways to look at the world 人是生而自由的，但却无往不在枷锁之中。 卢梭 《社会契约论》 什么是文化? “文化是一种复杂体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗，以及其社会上习得的能力与习惯。” 爱德华.泰勒《原始文化》 （1871年） What is culture? The prestigious anthropologist Taylor: “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of a society.” Smovar and E. Porter: “We can define culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, social hierarchies, religion, notion of time, roles, spatial relationships, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group o fpeople in the curse of generatins through individual and group striving.” The social science encyclopedia: “the way of life of a people. It consists of conventional patterns of patterns of thought and behaviors including values, beliefs, rules of conducts, political organization, economic activity and the like, which are passed on from one generation to the next by learning and not by biological inheritance.” 文化包括哪些方面? 知识 信仰 艺术 道德 法律 风俗 能力 习惯 文化为什么会有不同? 自然环境 社会环境 家庭环境 社会制度：不同的文化造就不同的社会制度；不同的社会制度会使不同的文化得以产生和延续。 中西方文化差异概览 价值观与道德标准的差异 家庭观念的差异 时间观念的异同 政治理念差异 社会礼仪的差异 婚丧嫁娶的差异 社会习俗的差异——对女性的态度 价值观与道德标准的差异 西方文化的个体本位论与东方文化的社会本位论 个人荣誉感与谦虚谨慎 自我中心与无私奉献 (1)自己为自己负责。 （2）不习惯关心他人，帮助他人，不过问他人的事情。 （3）不主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助 平等意识与等级观念 家庭观念的差异 时间观念的异同 时间重于金钱与友情重于金钱 守时与散漫 政治理念法律方面的差异 平等自由与和谐至上 私产保护与社会均等 小河无水大河干与大河无水小河干 社会礼仪的差异 婚丧嫁娶的差异 靠个人努力建立家庭与父母帮助建立家庭 教会婚礼与世俗婚礼 尊重死者意愿与隆重发送 社会习俗的差异——对女性的态度 尊重妇女与男女平等 乘车走路 文化的重要性 语言是文化的载体 文化反映一个民族的软实力 学生只学语言不懂文化依然是文盲 Interculural Communication Interculture communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. Frequently, the term cross-culture communiction is used when refe