《语言与语言学》.ppt

《语言与语言学》 双向视频课 Unit 5 Language Function 2: Doing Things with Language understand that saying something under appropriate circumstance is -doing speech acts be familiar with some speech act terminology analyze some common speech acts Unit 5 Language Function 2: Doing Things with Language Activity 1 Saying Is Doing Activity 2 Things We Do Ritually and Formally Activity 3 Things We Do Everyday Activity 1 Saying Is Doing Speech act theory There is a special theory called speech act theory that accounts for the things we do with language. It was first put forward by the British analytic philosopher J. L.Austin, whose posthumous book, entitled How to Do Things with Words (1962), has laid a foundation for the research to follow. Activity 1 Saying Is Doing Task 1 An anatomy of saying something Task 2 Come to terms with terminology Task 3 Understand the illocutionary act Task 4 Understand the perlocutionary act Task 1 An anatomy of saying something Austin’ s idea was like this: The locutionary act （说话行为） The phonic act （发声行为） The phonetic act （发音行为） The rhetic act （立意行为） The illocutionary act （施事行为） The perlocutionary act（取效行为） Task 2 Come to terms with terminology Task 2 Come to terms with terminology 言语行为的分析和判断是本单元的中心内容。当我们判断一个实例中的言语行为时，关键在于分析出它的语言功能和说话人的目的。语言功能例如：介绍、打招呼、邀请、抱歉、宣布、命令及要求等属于言语行为中的施事行为；而说话人的主观目的则属于他的取效行为。因此可推在有可能相同的施事行为（作为言语功能）的言语中，取效行为（作为说话人的个人目的）则很难相似。 Task 3 Understand the illocutionary act 完成163-164页的练习。注意在每个案例后对于“What did the speaker intend to do in saying it?”问题的回答都是相关言语的施事行为。在这里要将“intend to do”理解成言语本身的功能（language function）。 Task 3 Understand the illocutionary act Probably you have realized that illocutionary acts can be performed in two ways, directly and indirectly. By directly is meant that a verb is used in the utterance to show what the illocutionary act was intended to be performed by the speaker. By indirectly, on the other hand, is meant that no such verbs are actually used in the utterance to indicate what the illocutionary act wa