西方经济学第二章摘要.ppt

最低工资法对技能高的工人并没有影响，它们影响的是青少年 研究表明： 最低工资每上升10%，就会使青少年就业减少 1-3%。 最低限价：最低工资 W L D S $4 最低工资 $5 400 550 失业 评价 价格是指引社会资源配置的信号。当政府进行价格控制时，这种配置通常会发生变化 价格控制想帮助穷人，但往往却伤害了那些它本想帮助的人 可以用替代政策帮助需要帮助的人如补贴 练习：1. 图中有三条线性的需求曲线AB、AC和AD。 (1)比较a、b、c三点的需求的价格点弹性的大小。 (2)比较a、e、f三点的需求的价格点弹性的大小。 2. 假定在某市场上A、B两厂商是生产同种有差异的产品的竞争者；该市场对A厂商的需求曲线为PA＝200－QA，对B厂商的需求曲线为PB＝300－0.5QB；两厂商目前的销售量分别为QA＝50，QB＝100。求： (1)A、B两厂商的需求的价格弹性edA和edB各是多少？ (2)如果B厂商降价后，使得B厂商的需求量增加为Q′B＝160，同时使竞争对手A厂商的需求量减少为Q′A＝40。那么，A厂商的需求的交叉价格弹性eAB是多少？ (3)如果B厂商追求销售收入最大化，那么，你认为B厂商的降价是一个正确的行为选择吗？ 人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力， 明辨是非的能力。 所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读， 古人说“书中自有黄金屋。 ”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识， 培养逻辑思维能力； 通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平， 培养文学情趣； 通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。 有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操， 给我们巨大的精神力量， 鼓舞我们前进。 In each case, there are only three possible answers: - The curve shifts to the right - The curve shifts to the left - The curve does not shift (though there may be a movement along the curve) Point out to your students that there are no numbers or units on either axis, and we are using “P1” and “Q1” to represent the initial price and quantity, rather than specific numerical values. Tell them that this is common, because in much economic analysis, the goal is only to see the direction of changes, not specific amounts. (Besides, if we put numbers on this graph, they’d just have been made up, so why bother?) Also point out the following: The price of music downloads is the same, but the quantity demanded is now higher. In fact, this is the nature of a shift in a curve: at any given price, the quantity is different than before. “Tax return preparation software” means programs like TurboTax by Quicken and TaxCut by HR Block. Important note about Event B: The royalties that sellers must pay the artists are part of sellers’ “costs of production.” Typically, this royalty is a fixed amount each time one of the artist’s songs is downloaded. Event B, therefore, describes a reduction in sellers’ “costs of production.” This is an extension of Active Learning exercise