松杉类裸子植物的大孢子叶球理论评述.pdf

维普资讯 植 物 分 类 学 报 39(2)：169—191(2001) AetaPhv‰ 0I】omjm Siniea 松杉类裸子植物的大孢子叶球理论评述 杨 永 傅德志 (中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093) Review on themegastrobilustheoriesofconifers YANGYong FUDe-~ i (Iraefftute Botany，theC~ne．seAcademy scamp,s，B i 100093) A ；h d Theofiesabouttheseed ofm nifersarereviewed．TheclassicalFolJarNaturetlleory 0fDelpino＆ Penzigsuggested thattlleOylllifer邮 ~ tle8inpinearehomologoustothefoliar∞ 一 p朗1da目esofaconeaxis．TheLigulartheoryofSachs＆Eichlermainrainedtllattheseedsettleof∞一 nifersiscomparativetoalim ie，be~auaeit uwsoutfrom af0．l or~fll1．nsmelytllebract．Bessey thoughtthattheseedscaleofeoni墙 istllecombined 叫嘲oWt}I8of肌 ovule itscl1a end， whichisa sui 8tl31cture thereafter．Kubartmisproposed thearilIlatUl~ oftheovuliferous structureinJ珊 舢 ．Arbei’sPattial-Shoottheoryheldthatanovullferouss ishomolo~ stoa simpleandlimitedshoot(apartialshoot)basedontlleTelometheory．butMeeI】seremarkedtllat theTelometlleorywasalmsedhere．DuplereⅡ1nl1asizedthe integumentalllatl11~ oftheovuliferous 吕calesintaxads．nleBrachyblasttheoryofBraunhasincreasinglyconvinced山epresentbotanistson accountofexeenentstudiesf删l teratology，anatomy，ontogenyandoalaeobotany．Basedon tllees． tablishedevldeneefrom temtology，anatomy，ontogenyandpalaeobotany，thepresentauthorsbelieve thattlleseed scalesoflivingCOliire18mayhaveevolvedfrom thesecondaryreproductivebranchesof theearlyo0IIife瑁 bypl~-logeneticm~ [1lorphisnlandfusion．andlitdedifferentiationduringontoge- “yin therivingrepresentatives． Keywords Gynm~Fcrms；Conifers；Seed-scalecomplex；Megastrobdustlleory 摘要 系统评述了迄今为止在棵子植物球果类种鳞形态学本质方面存在过 的各种观点及研究进展 将 这些观点归纳为 7太类 ：(1)r~lpi．o和 Pen 等主张种鳞为叶性器官的叶性说 ；(2)Sachs和 ~cMer认为 种鳞相当于叶舌的叶舌说 ；(3)Bet~ey认为种鳞不过是胚珠合点端增生 的结果的独特结构说 ；(4)Kuhart 等提出生胚珠构造 的假种皮学说 ；(5)