M13-Basic-Stats基础数据.ppt

Basic Statistics Probability and Statistics Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics Common Math Symbols(Population and Sample) Common Math Symbols THE REAL DIFFERENCE THE REAL DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENT OF QUALITYTHE TRADITIONAL STANDARD MEASUREMENT OF QUALITYTHE SIX SIGMA VIEW MEASUREMENT OF QUALITY SIX SIGMA: THE NEW STANDARD This curve approximates the raw data collected about a cycle time project (commuting to work) This curve is created by subjecting the data to the Z transformation. It looks the same, except for the scale on the x-axis Z = X- ? ? SAMPLE SIZE 16 MEAN 24.31 MEDIAN 23 MODE 23 SAMPLE SIZE (n) 16 COUNT 389 STD DEV 3.30 RANGE 14 VARIANCE 10.8958 S2 =?(X1-XBAR)2 = 163.4121 = 10.89 n-1 15 (21-24-31)2 = 10.95 (22-24.31)2 = 5.33 ETC….. DATA POINTS TOTAL 163.4121 * * Black Belts make decisions based on data. Data is converted to information STATISTICS converts DATA to INFORMATION. Keep it simple Decisions are based on data Beware of Measurement Error Adopt statistics as a tool to better understand processes “the odds of winning are 3 to 1” “They will win the election with 54% of the vote with a margin of +/- 3%” Probability and Statistics influence our lives daily Statistics is the universal language for science Statistics is the art of collecting, classifying, presenting, interpreting and analyzing numerical data, as well as making conclusions about the system from which the data was obtained. Population Vs. Sample (Certainty Vs. Uncertainty) A sample is just a subset of all possible values population sample Since the sample does not contain all the possible values, there is some uncertainty about the population. Hence any statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, are just estimates of the true population parameters. Descriptive Statistics characterizes and summarizes the most prominent features of a given set of data (means, medians, standard deviations, percentil